内容纲要
一、数据操作语句(DML)
插入数据
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3);
更新数据
UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2
WHERE condition;
删除数据
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
查询语句(SELECT)
基本查询
SELECT column1, column2
FROM table_name;
带条件查询
SELECT column1, column2
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
排序
SELECT column1, column2
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column1 ASC, column2 DESC;
分组
SELECT column1, COUNT(*)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY column1;
联合查询(JOIN)
内连接
SELECT a.column1, b.column2
FROM table1 a
INNER JOIN table2 b ON a.common_column = b.common_column;
左连接
SELECT a.column1, b.column2
FROM table1 a
LEFT JOIN table2 b ON a.common_column = b.common_column;
右连接
SELECT a.column1, b.column2
FROM table1 a
RIGHT JOIN table2 b ON a.common_column = b.common_column;
子查询
SELECT column1
FROM table_name
WHERE column2 = (SELECT column2 FROM another_table WHERE condition);
二、数据定义语句(DDL)
查询指定表的 DDL(数据定义语言)语句
SHOW CREATE TABLE your_table_name;
创建表
CREATE TABLE table_name (
column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
column3 datatype,
PRIMARY KEY (column1)
);
修改表
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_name datatype;
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP COLUMN column_name;
ALTER TABLE table_name
MODIFY COLUMN column_name datatype;
删除表
DROP TABLE table_name;
三、数据控制语句(DCL)
创建用户
CREATE USER 'username'@'host' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
授权
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database_name.* TO 'username'@'host';
撤销权限
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON database_name.* FROM 'username'@'host';
删除用户
DROP USER 'username'@'host';
四、实用函数
字符串操作
SELECT CONCAT(first_name, ' ', last_name) AS full_name FROM table_name;
日期函数
SELECT NOW(); -- 当前日期和时间
SELECT CURDATE(); -- 当前日期
SELECT CURTIME(); -- 当前时间
数学函数
SELECT ROUND(column_name, 2) FROM table_name;
SELECT FLOOR(column_name) FROM table_name;
SELECT CEIL(column_name) FROM table_name;